BRAVEHORSE WARRIORS

BRAVEHORSE WARRIOR Kintpuash

Home: Find Warriors Below
Bravehorses Warriors PART TWO
Baxter (Creek) (AM)
Little Hill (Winnebago)
Yellow Nose (Ute)
Shakopee (Sioux)
NaNa (Apache)
EVENT Iwo Jima
Setimkia (Kiowa)
EVENT Little Bighorn
Parooway Semehno (Comanche)
Adoeette (Kiowa)
TRIBUTE Scout Dogs in Vietnam
Lame Deer (Sioux)
PLACE New Echota (Cherokee)
Awoninahku (Cheyenne)
PLACE Fort Mountain (Cherokee)
Massai (Apache)
PLACE Earth Lodge (Mississippian)
Tarhe (Wyandot)
PLACE Kolomoki Mounds (Woodland)
EVENT Vietnam War
Zipkiyah (Kiowa)
TRIBUTE Medal of Honor (MOH)
Satank (Kiowa)
White Bull (Sioux)
Moxmox (Nez Perce)
White Eagle (Ponca)
Wovoka (Paiute)
Nawkaw (Winnebago)
Pawnee Killer (Sioux)
Thunder Hawk (Sioux)
Washunga (Kansa)
Two Leggings (Crow)
Bavilla (Eskimo)
Ely Parker (Seneca)
Oklahombi (Choctaw)
Tenskwatawa (Shawnee)
Sinte Maza (Sioux)
Charlot II (Flathead)
Tosawi (Comanche)
Kintpuash (Modoc)
Kicking Bird (Kiowa)
Ouray (Ute)
Tsen-tainte (Kiowa)
Matihehlogego (Sioux)
Big Tree (Kiowa)
Big Eagle (Sioux)
Tosawi (Comanche)
Standing Bear (Ponca)
Struck by the Ree (Sioux)
Wooden Leg (Cheyenne)
Tyner (Cherokee)
Mahaskah (Iowa) (KIA)
Chato (Apache)
Looking Glass (Nez Perce) (KIA)
Victorio (Apache) (KIA)
Two Strike (Sioux)
Little Wound (Lakota)
Estajoca (Creek)
Kanagagota (Cherokee)
Crow Foot (Blackfoot)
One Bull (Sioux)
Pretty Eagle (Crow)
Little Big Man (Sioux)
Holatamico (Seminole)
Petalesharo (Pawnee)
Taza (Apache)
Seattle (Suquamish)
Crow Dog (Sioux)
Pocahontas (Powhatan)
Blackfoot (Crow)
Crow King (Sioux)
Leschi (Nisqually)
Little (Lakota)
Ninastoko (Blackfoot)
Running Antelope (Sioux)
Mahaskah (Iowa)
Pontiac (Ottawa)
Tupaq Amaru (Inca)
Red Jacket (Seneca)
Montezuma (Aztec)
Walkabout (Cherokee)
Dragging Canoe (Cherokee)
Osceola (Seminole)
Black Kettle (Cheyenne)
Ahatsistari (Huron)
Sequoyah (Cherokee)
Cook (Mohegan)
Opechancanough (Powhatan) (KIA)
Nancy Ward (Cherokee)
Blue Jacket (Shawnee)
Hiawatha (Mohawk)
Hayes (Pima)
Big Foot (Lakota)
Dull Knife (Cheyenne)
Plenty Coups (Crow)
Manuelito (Navajo)
Rain-In-The-Face (Cheyenne)
Little Crow (Lakota)
Two Moons (Cheyenne)
Little Wolf (Cheyenne)
Matotope (Mandan)
Quanah Parker (Comanche)
Red Cloud (Sioux)
Santana (Kiowa)
Little Turtle (Miami)
Pope (Pueblo)
Thayendanegea (Mohawk)
Hole-in-the-Day (Ojibwa)
Tecumseh (Shawnee) (KIA)
Corn Planter (Seneca)
He-Dog (Lakota)
Joseph (Nez Perce)
Keokuk (Sauk)
Chonmanicase (Oto)
Gall (Sioux)
Wolf Robe (Cheyenne)
Washakie (Shoshone)
Spotted Tail (Sioux)
Black Hawk (Sauk)
Geronimo (Apache)
Crazy Horse (Lakota)
George (Cherokee) (MOH)
American Horse (Sioux)
Big Bear (Cree)
Jim (Apache) (MOH)
Sitting Bull (Sioux)
Little Wolf (Cheyenne)
Cochise (Apache)
Black Elk (Lakota)
Barfoot (Choctaw) (MOH)
Mad Bear (Pawnee) (MOH)
Kelsay (Apache) (MOH)
Childers (Cherokee) (MOH)
Alchesay (Apache) (MOH)
Crews (Choctaw) (MOH)
Williams (Cherokee) (MOH)
Thornton (Cherokee) (MOH)
Nannasaddie (Apache) (MOH)
Machol (Apache) (MOH)
Nantaje (Apache) (MOH)
Harvey (Chickasaw) (MOH)
Montgomery (Cherokee) (MOH)
Red Cloud (Winnebago) (MOH) (KIA)
Evans (Cherokee) (MOH) (KIA)
Deserontyon (Mohawk)
Tatankanajin (Dakota)
Donnacona (Stadacona)
Tareha (Oneida)
Swatana (Oneida)
Gawehe (Oneida)
Swan (Cree)
Glikhikan (Delaware)
Stayeghtha (Wyandot)
Hdamani (Sioux)
Sotaina (Blackfoot)
Hlakay (Nkamapeleks)
Sikokskitsis (Blackfoot)
Honatteniate (Mohawk)
Shawnadithit (Beothuk)
Hotsinonhyahtaa (Onondaga)
Mysymin (Cree)
Hunkajuka (Assiniboine) (KIA)
Shahwundais (Missisauga)
Hwistesmetxoqen (Okanagan)
Secoudon (Saint John River)
Inukjuarjuk (Inuit)
Scatchamisse (Sagamy)
Iroquet (Algonkin)
Sauguaaram (Abenakis)
Isadore (Kutenai)
Saguima (Ottawa)
Isapomuxika (Blackfoot)
Ponekeosh (Ojibwa)
Kaghswaghtaniunt (Seneca)
Pieskaret (Algonkin)
Kaienakwaahton (Seneca)
Pemoussa (Fox)
Kakcenthiony (Onondaga)
Peguis (Ojibwa)
Kamdyistowesit (Cree)
Peemeecheekag (Ojibwa)
Kapapamahakwew (Cree)
Payipwat (Cree)
Kupeyakwuskonam (Cree)
Pastedechouan (Montagnais)
Karaghtadie (Mohawk)
Paskwuw (Cree)
Kayahsotaa (Seneca)
Papwes (Cree)

Adjunct Professor

Modoc Warrior

Photo Sharing and Video Hosting at Photobucket
Chief Kintpuash
(1837-1873)

Warriors Citation

Kintpuash, called Captain Jack by Anglo colonists of California because he wore a uniform coat with brass buttons that was given to him by the army, played a major role as a leader in the Modoc War of 1872-1873. He was born at the Wa'chamshwash Village on the Lower Lost River near the California-Oregon border. Kintpuash's father was ambushed and slain by treacherous whites in the Ben Wright massacre of 1846. There is little knowledge of Kintpuash's life until he was twenty-five. We do know that his Modoc name, Kintpuash, meant "He Has Water Brash". The Modocs had little to do with the Anglos until the advent of the California gold rush. Although the Modocs opposed white expansion into their lands, Captain Jack counseled peace and encouraged trade with the settlers living near Eureka, California, in the 1840s. However, the gold rush accelerated tensions and hostilities in the 1850's until Schonchin Jim, a Modoc Chief, signed a treaty removing his band to a reservation in Oregon in 1864. Unfortunately, the area was also the traditional homeland of the Klamaths, who did not relish Modoc resettlement in Oregon. Realizing that the land in Oregon was insufficient, Captain Jack and his followers went back to California and requested a reservation there. Federal and state authorities denied their request. Subsequently, Anglo settlers began to insist on the removal of the Modocs in California. On November 28, 1872, federal forces invaded Captain Jack's camp and coerced him into consenting to removal. As tensions mounted at the meeting, violence broke out. Scarfaced Charley, a Modoc leader angered by the army's behavior, refused to give up his gun, and shots were fired in the ensuing struggle. When the fighting stopped, eight soldiers and fifteen Modocs were dead. Fearing reprisals, the Modocs under Captain Jack fled to nearby Lava Beds of northern California, thinking they would be safe there. However, this was not to be the case. Hooker Jim, another Modoc leader, and his people, encamped on the Oregon side of the Lost River, were under attack by white settlers at the same time. In their own retreat to the lava beds, they killed twelve whites in revenge. In this hostile environment, Modoc leaders Captain Jack, Schonchin John, and Hooker Jim prepared to defend themselfes against an attack in the vast and inaccessible volcanic area. Captain Jack still counseled peace and negotiation, arguing that the government would ultimately win. However, more militant factions under Hooker Jim and Schonchin John outvoted him. On January 13, 1873, U.S. Army troops moved into the lava beds to quell the Modoc uprising. On February 28, 1873 Capatin Jack's cousin Winema - a Modoc woman married to a white man, Frank Riddle - and a peace delegation began talks with the rebellious Modocs. Hooker Jim and Schonchin John believed Captain Jack to be a coward for consenting to the talks, so they insisted that Captain Jack kill General Edward S. Canby, the head of the delegation, believing that American resolve would be demaged by Canby's death.

Photo Sharing and Video Hosting at Photobucket

Reluctantly, Captain Jack agreed to their terms, but only if the Modocs were refused amnesty and a return to their California homeland in the talks. At an April 11 meeting Captain Jack at least shot Canby. In the ensuing melee, Reverend Eleazar Thomas was killed, and Albert Meachum, the Indian superintendent, was also severely wounded. Winema and her husband managed to escape with the remaining members of the peace party. The government quickly fielded more troops and heavier weapons. The rugged lava rock terrain worked to the Modocs' advantage at first, but dissension among the Modoc leaders and harsh conditions weakened their position. Finally, when the the Modocs quarreled among themselves and left the Lava Beds, the government secured their capture. Captain Jack surrendered in late May 1873. After a military trial in which Hooker Jim testified for the prosecution, Captain Jack, Schonchin John, and two other Modoc warriors were hanged in October 3, 1873. Since the administartion of President Ulysses S. Grant had instituted a peace policy toward Indians, the American people were stunned by the uprising and the consequent inhumanity and insensitivity. In the final analysis, white prejudice, Indian betrayal, greed, and an opportunistic press made a deplorable situation far worse. Employing over one thousand soldiers to fight a Modoc force that never numbered over fifty-three, the army incurred losses that totaled the dead at seven officers, thirty-nine soldiers, two scouts, and sixteen civilians. The Modoc dead numbered eleven woman and seven men. The enormous human and fiscal cost in capturing and removing 155 Modocs to Indian Territory seemed ridiculous. This bloody affair produced no glory for the army or the Modocs. A few did manage to profit from the war : a staged melodrama entitled 'Captain Jack' ran for a brief time in 1873. In a more grisly venture, grave robbers dug up Captain Jack's body one day after his executiuon, embalmed it, and put it on display in a carnival sideshow that toured profitably in many eastern cities. In 1909, fifty-one of the Oklahoma Modocs were permitted to return to their reservation in Oregon. From: historical accounts & records

Adjunct Professor

ROMAN CATHOLIC

LINK TO BRAVEHORSE WARRIORS VOLUME TWO